Thermodynamic uncertainty relation to assess biological processes

We review the trade-offs between speed, fluctuations, and thermodynamic cost involved with biological processes in nonequilibrium states discuss how optimal these are light of universal bound set by uncertainty relation (TUR). The values product Q TUR, which can be used as a measure precision enzymatic realized for given cost, suboptimal when substrate concentration is at Michaelis constant, some key found to work around this condition. illustrate utility assessing close molecular motors biomass producing machineries TUR bound, cases production (or copying processes), we their optimality quantified terms balanced error rate information transfer process. also touch upon other error-minimizing biology, such gene regulation chaperone-assisted protein folding. A spectrum recapitulating surveyed here provides glimpses into systems evolved optimize balance conflicting functional requirements.